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#CARD:New Zealand:Geography
#WORD 45 71 348 347 0
New Zealand Click Here for Country List
#IMAGE 44 61 TWPCX \maps\NEW_ZEAL.PCX
Geography Click Here for MAP
Location:
Southwestern Oceania, southeast of Australia in the South Pacific
Ocean
Map references:
Oceania, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
268,680 sq km
land area:
268,670 sq km
comparative area:
about the size of Colorado
note:
includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell
Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
15,134 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
200 nm or the edge of continental margin
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)
Climate:
temperate with sharp regional contrasts
Terrain:
predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
Natural resources:
natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone
Land use:
arable land:
2%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
53%
forest and woodland:
38%
other:
7%
Irrigated land:
2,800 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by
species introduced from outside
natural hazards:
earthquakes are common, though usually not severe
international agreements:
party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,
Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber, Wetlands, Whaling; signed,
but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Note:
about 80% of the population lives in cities
#CARD:New Zealand:People
People
Population:
3,388,737 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.57% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
15.52 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
8.06 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
-1.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
8.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
76.38 years
male:
72.76 years
female:
80.18 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
2.03 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
New Zealander(s)
adjective:
Ethnic divisions:
European 88%, Maori 8.9%, Pacific Islander 2.9%, other 0.2%
Religions:
Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%,
Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 9% (1986)
Languages:
English (official), Maori
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)
total population:
99%
male:
NA%
female:
NA%
Labor force:
1,603,500 (June 1991)
by occupation:
services 67.4%, manufacturing 19.8%, primary production 9.3% (1987)
#CARD:New Zealand:Government
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
none
conventional short form:
Abbreviation:
NZ
Digraph:
NZ
Type:
parliamentary democracy
Capital:
Wellington
Administrative divisions:
93 counties, 9 districts*, and 3 town districts**; Akaroa, Amuri,
Ashburton, Bay of Islands, Bruce, Buller, Chatham Islands, Cheviot,
Clifton, Clutha, Cook, Dannevirke, Egmont, Eketahuna, Ellesmere,
Eltham, Eyre, Featherston, Franklin, Golden Bay, Great Barrier Island,
Grey, Hauraki Plains, Hawera*, Hawke's Bay, Heathcote, Hikurangi**,
Hobson, Hokianga, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt, Inangahua, Inglewood,
Kaikoura, Kairanga, Kiwitea, Lake, Mackenzie, Malvern, Manaia**,
Manawatu, Mangonui, Maniototo, Marlborough, Masterton, Matamata, Mount
Herbert, Ohinemuri, Opotiki, Oroua, Otamatea, Otorohanga*, Oxford,
Pahiatua, Paparua, Patea, Piako, Pohangina, Raglan, Rangiora*,
Rangitikei, Rodney, Rotorua*, Runanga, Saint Kilda, Silverpeaks,
Southland, Stewart Island, Stratford, Strathallan, Taranaki,
Taumarunui, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames-Coromandel*, Tuapeka, Vincent,
Waiapu, Waiheke, Waihemo, Waikato, Waikohu, Waimairi, Waimarino,
Waimate, Waimate West, Waimea, Waipa, Waipawa*, Waipukurau*, Wairarapa
South, Wairewa, Wairoa, Waitaki, Waitomo*, Waitotara, Wallace,
Wanganui, Waverley**, Westland, Whakatane*, Whangarei, Whangaroa,
Woodville
Dependent areas:
Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau
Independence:
26 September 1907 (from UK)
National holiday:
Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840) (Treaty of Waitangi established
British sovereignty)
Constitution:
no formal, written constitution; consists of various documents,
including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments;
Constitution Act 1986 was to have come into force 1 January 1987, but
has not been enacted
Legal system:
based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts
for Maoris; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor
General Dame Catherine TIZARD (since 12 December 1990)
head of government:
Prime Minister James BOLGER (since 29 October 1990); Deputy Prime
Minister Donald McKINNON (since 2 November 1990)
cabinet:
Executive Council; appointed by the governor general on recommendation
of the prime minister
Legislative branch:
unicameral
House of Representatives:
(commonly called Parliament) elections last held on 6 November 1993
(next to be held NA November 1996); results - NP 35.2%, NZLP 34.7%,
Alliance 18.3%, New Zealand First 8.3%; seats - (99 total) NP 50, NZLP
45, Alliance 2, New Zealand First Party 2
Judicial branch:
High Court, Court of Appeal
Political parties and leaders:
National Party (NP; government), James BOLGER; New Zealand Labor Party
(NZLP; opposition), Helen CLARK; Alliance, Jim ANDERTON; Democratic
Party, Dick RYAN; New Zealand Liberal Party, Hanmish MACINTYRE and
Gilbert MYLES; Green Party, no official leader; Mana Motuhake, Martin
RATA; Socialist Unity Party (SUP; pro-Soviet), Kenneth DOUGLAS; New
Zealand First, Winston PETERS
note:
the New Labor, Democratic, and Mana Motuhake parties formed a
coalition called the Alliance Party, Jim ANDERTON, president, in
September 1991; the Green Party joined the coalition in May 1992
Member of:
ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986),
APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, C, CCC, CP, COCOM (cooperating), EBRD,
ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO,
IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU,
LORCS, MTCR, NAM (guest), OECD, PCA, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAVEM
II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UNTAC, UNTSO, UPU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Lionel John WOOD
chancery:
37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
(202) 328-4800
consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Josiah BEEMAN
embassy:
29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington
mailing address:
P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, FPO AP 96531-1001
telephone:
[64] (4) 472-2068
FAX:
[64] (4) 472-3537
consulate(s) general:
Auckland
Flag:
blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with
four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half
of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation
#CARD:New Zealand:Economy
Economy
Overview:
Since 1984 the government has been reorienting an agrarian economy
dependent on a guaranteed British market to a more industrialized,
open free market economy that can compete on the global scene. The
government has hoped that dynamic growth would boost real incomes,
broaden and deepen the technological capabilities of the industrial
sector, reduce inflationary pressures, and permit the expansion of
welfare benefits. The results have been mixed: inflation is down from
double-digit levels, but growth was sluggish in 1988-91. In 1992-93,
growth picked up to 3% annually, a sign that the new economic approach
is beginning to pay off. Business confidence has strengthened, and the
inflation remains among the lowest in the industrial world.
Unemployment, down from 11% in 1991, remains unacceptably high at 9%.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $53 billion (1993)
National product real growth rate:
3% (1993)
National product per capita:
$15,700 (1993)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2% (1993)
Unemployment rate:
9.1% (September 1993)
Budget:
revenues:
$NA
expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
note:
deficit $345 million (October 1993)
Exports:
$10.3 billion (FY93)
commodities:
wool, lamb, mutton, beef, fruit, fish, cheese, manufactures,
chemicals, forestry products
partners:
Australia 18.9%, Japan 15.1%, US 12.5%, South Korea 4.1%
Imports:
$9.4 billion (FY93)
commodities:
petroleum, consumer goods, motor vehicles, industrial equipment
partners:
Australia 21.1%, US 19.6%, Japan 14.7%, UK 6.3%, Germany 4.2%
External debt:
$35.3 billion (March 1993)
Industrial production:
growth rate 1.9% (1990); accounts for about 20% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
8,000,000 kW
production:
31 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
9,250 kWh (1992)
Industries:
food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery,
transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining
Agriculture:
accounts for about 9% of GDP and about 10% of the work force;
livestock predominates - wool, meat, dairy products all export
earners; crops - wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables;
surplus producer of farm products; fish catch reached a record 503,000
metric tons in 1988
Economic aid:
donor:
ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $526 million
Currency:
1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.7771 (January 1994), 1.8495
(1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
#CARD:New Zealand:Communications
Communications
Railroads:
4,716 km total; all 1.067-meter gauge; 274 km double track; 113 km
electrified; over 99% government owned
Highways:
total:
92,648 km
paved:
49,547 km
unpaved:
gravel, crushed stone 43,101 km
Inland waterways:
1,609 km; of little importance to transportation
Pipelines:
petroleum products 160 km; natural gas 1,000 km; condensate (liquified
petroleum gas - LPG) 150 km
Ports:
Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Wellington, Tauranga
Merchant marine:
18 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 165,514 GRT/218,699 DWT, bulk 6,
cargo 2, liquefied gas 1, oil tanker 3, railcar carrier 1,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 5
Airports:
total:
108
usable:
108
with permanent-surface runways:
39
with runways over 3,659 m:
1
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
2
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
39
Telecommunications:
excellent international and domestic systems; 2,110,000 telephones;
broadcast stations - 64 AM, 2 FM, 14 TV; submarine cables extend to
Australia and Fiji; 2 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth stations
#CARD:New Zealand:Defense Forces
Defense Forces
Branches:
New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 880,576; fit for military service 741,629; reach
military age (20) annually 28,242 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $792 million, 2% of GDP (FY90/91)
NEW_ZEAL.0